對於肺氣腫emphysema的敘述下列何者正確

(D) 1. ��23�O�@�좵�����k�ʯf�H��flow-volume���u�ϡA��u�O�N�����`�̤����u�C�аݵ�u�O���ܦ�دe�f? A. ��ݯf (asthma) B. �ͮ�~(emphysema) C. ���ֺ���(fibrosis) D. �W�I�l�D���� E. �͸�������   (A) 2. �@25���k�ʦ]��o�I�l�x���ίݵh�Q�e�ӫ�E�B�A�ݳ����p��24�A�аݤU�C�ԭz�A��̥��T? A. ��ݡA�i�ΰw�ީ�X�Ů� B. �����ͤ��~�A���`�g�Q���� C. ���͸~�F�A�����������ˬd D. ���ͪ��~�j�A���w�ƹq���_�h���y E. ���ͮ��(embolism)�A�����֤l�ͱ��y   (B) 3. �@��70���k�ʥD�D�I�l�x���A��ݳ�X���p��25�A�U�C��تͥ\��P��f���Y���׳̦����s? A. VC B. FEV1 C. FEV1 / FVC D. TLC E. RV   (A) 4. �U�C�����C�ʪ���ʪͯf (COPD)���ԭz�A��̥��T? A. �夤 CO2 �W�[�� O2�U���ߥX�{ B. �Y�����`�ͮe�n (TLC)�|�U����50%�H�U C. FEV1 �֩�w����50%�Y�|������PO2 �U�� D. ����洫��ê�D�n�O�ѩ�ͪw���W�p���G E. �ͮ�~ (emphysema)�� DLco���|����   (C) 5. �U�C�����@��ƺ� (CO)���r���ԭz�A��̥��T? A. �l�Ҫ̹�@��ƺҧ�ӷP B. COPD�f�H�������ް_CO���r�g�� C. �Y���̷|�ް_�ͤ��~ (edema) D. �|�X�{�I�l�ʻĤ��r (respiratory acidosis) E. �L�B�S���e�{������A�i�ư�CO���r   (A) 6. �U�C�����ͪ����ԭz�A��̥��T? A. COPD �f�H���C�~�`�g�y��ʷP�_�̭] B. �y�P�̭]���`�g�̨ήɾ��O�L�� C. �y�P��޵o���ͪ��H Pseudomonas�̱߳`�� D. �A�����e�˷�G�O�䤤�W�ֲӭM <10 ,WBC > 25 / HPF E. �E�_ Legionella�ͪ����H����i���G����   (E) 7. �U�C�e�f����̪��R�A�Ͷ����� (static lung compliance)�|�W�[? A. ���ֺ���(fibrosis) B. �ͤ��~(edema) C. �ͥR��(congestion) D. �ͪ�(pneumonia) E. �ͮ�~(emphysema)   (E) 8. �b����q�� (mechanical ventilation)�ɡA�ϥΩI�𥽥��� (PEEP, positive end-respiratory pressure)�D�n�i�F��U�C��إت� ? A. ���CPaCO2 B. �ﵽ�q��(ventilation) C. ��֮�𤤬r D. ��֪Ͷ�����q E. ����ͫ�� (atelectasis)   (C) 9. �@��22���k�ʡA���h�~��ݯf (asthma)�v�A�]�P�_�ް_��ʵo�@���E�B�A�ⰼ�� wheezes,�I�l20�������A�ݳ�X�����`�A���ɲĤ@������Ĭ��� ? A. Aminophylline 250 mg i.v. push B. Aminophylline 500 mg i.v. drip C. Bricanyl (or ventolin) 5 mg nebulization D. Budesonide (Pulmicort) 1 mg nebulization E. Ipratropium (Atrovent) 1mg nebulization   (D) 10. �H�зǥ��� HERZ �v���͵��֡A�ƶg��A�x�\�� AST�M ALT�@���A�U�C����Ī��i��ް_������ ? 1.Isoniazid 2.Rifampin 3.Ethambutol 4.Pyrazinamide A. 1+2+3 B. 2+3+4 C. 1+3+4 D. 1+2+4 E. 1+2+3+4   (B) 11. �@��64���k�ʿ��w��Ŧ�f�B���g�Χ��D�P�V�A�]�I�l�x���Ӱ|�A�ݳ�X���e�{�ⰼ����ʪͪ��A���G�O�Ī��ް_���ܤơC���f�H�̪�ƶg���ϥΤU�C�Ī�1.Amiodarone 2.Digoxin 3.Bleomycin 4.Methotrexate 5.Erythromycin 6.Aminoglycoside�аݤW�z�����ĥi��ް_����ʪͪ� ? A. 1+2+3 B. 1+3+4 C. 2+4+6 D. 3+5+6 E. 4+5+6   (B) 12. �U�C�U�ؤ����X�i�����A��̤��ݩ���ľ��� ? A. Formoterol B. Fenoterol C. Salmeterol D. Tiotropium E. �H�W�Ҭ����ľ���   (D) 13. �U�C���� Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)���ԭz��̤����T ? A. ABPA�`�n�o���Ӥw�����ݤ��w�� B. Immediate wheal-and-flare skin reactivity to A.fumigatus �� ABPA���D�n�E�_Criteria���@ C. �f�A���T�J�� ABPA��ʵo�@�����n�v���覡 D. �Y��G�ˬd�ΰ��i�L�k�o�{ A.fumigatus �Y�i�ư�ABPA���E�_ E. ��M IgE���@�׸g�`�|�j��1000 ng / ml   (B) 14. �U�C�����w���I�l���i�H���\���������СA��̤����T ? A. Vital Capacity > 10ml/kg B. Minute ventilation(MV) > 10L /min C. Maximum negative inspiratory pressure��25cm H2O D. Rapid shallow breathing index < 100breaths /min / L E. Maximun voluntary ventilation double of MV   (A) 15. �U�C���� pleural effusion���ԭz�A��̬O�����T�� ? A. Chylothorax ���w�q�� effusion��cholesterol �Ȥj�� 110mg /dl B. Effusion�� Amylase�ȤW�ɡA�n�Ҽ{���D�}���δc�ʸ~�F C. Effusion�� Gluocse�Ȥp�� 60mg/dl�n�h�òӵ߷P�V��������ʦؽ��� D. �E�_ TB Pleurisy : effusion���� adenosine deaminase���j��45IU/L�� interferon �^�j��140pg/ml E. ���(hemothorax)���w�q��effusion����hematocrit(Hct)�j���R�ߦ� Hct �� 50%�H�W�A�B�j��������ݱw�̻ݭn��m�ެy�ޡ@   (E) 16. �U�C�����Ͱʯ߰����g���v���Ī��A��̬O���A���� ? A. Calcium Channel Blocker B. Prostacyclin C. Bosentan (endothelin receptor antagonists) D. Inhaled NO E. Nitrates   (D) 17. �������ޭ��ݯg bronchial asthma���o�������f�z����A�U�C�ԭz��̥��T ? A. Asthma �I�l�D�o�������ӭM�A Neutrophil ��t�̥D�n������ B. Antigen��E�U,�g�� IL-6�@�ΫP�� naive T�ӭM(TH0�^���Ƭ� TH2 �ӭM C. ���ƪ� T lymphocyte �|���� IL-10�P�i B lymphocyte�s�y IgE D. IL-5�|�P�Ϧ夤 eosinophil �ƥؼW�[�é�����s�� E. Neutrophil �|���� cationic protein �� oxygen free radicals�}�a�W�ֲӭM�Φ�Creola bodies   (E) 18. ��������F mesothelioma���ԭz�A��̤����T ? A. �`�b�ۺ��������S30�~��o�� B. ��50%���f�w���ಾ���� C. �P�l�ϵL�� D. �i�o�ͩ�ؽ��θ��� E. �� ��X���e�j�q�ؽ��n�����a�J�Ħ첾�{�H   (D) 19. �U�C�������֯f (tuberculosis)���ԭz�O�����T�� ? A. �w�ﵲ�֩ʸ������Τߥ]�����A���T�J�v���i�W�[�f�H���s���v B. Streptomycin���i�Ω��h�����k�����֯f�v�� C. BCG �̭]�i�H��֥����P�V���֩ʸ����������| D. ���H HIV�P�V�w�̩y��ij�I�� BCG�̭]�ӹw�����֯f E. �ܵ��ֵ��Ī��b���Ť����@�׬۷��C�A�L�k�F��O�@���઺�ĪG   (E) 20. �I�l������O�v����ʩI�l�~���g (ARDS)�����n�u��A�U�C�������Ԧ�̬O���~�� ? A. �I�l���ް_���ͷl�˥D�n�O�]�����Щʪ��ͪw�L�׿��ȻP�� B. �ثe��ij��� ARDS ��plateau pressure���n�W30 cm H2O C. ���p�����e�n(tidal volume) 6mL/Kg��_12mL/Kg �� ARDS�f�H���w����n D. High frequent ventilation�i�H�ﵽ ARDS������洫�\��A���õL�j�W�Ҫ��{�ɸ����ҹ��s���v���ﵽ�@ E. Positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)�i�H�ﵽ����洫�\��A�]���b�f�H�ϥ� FiO2�p��50%�����ΤU�A�� PEEP=16 ����PEEP=8��f�H���w�����   (C) 21. �U�C���Ǹ~�F���ݯg�Ըs (paraneoplastic syndrome)�P�p�ӭM������?1.Ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH) syndrome 2.Ectopic ACTH syndrome 3.SIADH 4.Hypertrophic pulomonary osteoarthropathy 5.Eaton-Lambert syndrome A. 1+2+3 B. 2+3+4 C. 2+3+5 D. 1+2+3+5 E. 1+2+3+4+5   (D) 22. �����ίv�I�l����g�Ըssleep apnea syndrome�U�C�ԭz��̥��T��?1.�o�Ͳv�k�ʦh��k�� 2.�E�_���뫬�ίv����g�Ըs\(OSA)���n�󬰺ίv�I�l��������g���X�� apnea-hypopneaindex(AHI)��153.��AHI>30�ɬ����� OSA4.Nasal continuous positive airway pressure ��OSA������v���覡5.Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty �����\�v�u��50%�ӥB���ķ|�H�ۮɶ����� A. 1+2+3 B. 2+4+5 C. 1+2+3+4 D. 1+3+4+5 E. 1+2+3+4+5  

What is the life expectancy of someone with emphysema?

Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and occurs in the lungs. It is not reversible. The life expectancy for someone with emphysema depends on many factors. For patients who have never smoked, their life expectancy will only be reduced one to two years. Smoking cuts someone's lifespan by an average of 3.5 years.

Why is emphysema a serious health problem?

Emphysema is considered as a serious health problem since it can lead to life-threatening complications such as pneumothorax, heart problems, and giant bullae. Pneumothorax In severe case of emphysema, air can leak into the space between the chest wall and lung.

What is emphysema life expectancy and which factors affect it?

There are certain other factors that also affect the life expectancy of this lung disease, like, the age of the patient, his immunity, presence of any other lung infections, surrounding environmental factors, etc. Emphysema prognosis does seem bleak, as the mortality rate of this progressively degenerating disease speaks for itself.

What causes emphysema Besides smoking?

What causes emphysema besides smoking?

  • Age. One of the non-modifiable risk factors for emphysema is a person’s age. ...
  • Genetics. What causes emphysema besides smoking? According to studies, genetic anomalies can increase your risk of developing the condition.
  • Long-term exposure to air pollutants. The causes of emphysema besides smoking include long-term exposure to air pollutants. ...