诊断Cirrhosis FAQsTransplant hepatologist Sumera Ilyas, M.B.B.S. answers the most frequently asked questions about cirrhosis. Show
Hi, I'm Dr. Sumera Ilyas, a transplant hepatologist at Mayo Clinic, and I'm here to answer some of the important questions you may have about cirrhosis. No amount of alcohol is considered safe in patients with cirrhosis. They should avoid all alcohol use. Well some pain medications are safe to take in certain doses, and some are not. For instance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen, they should be avoided in patients with cirrhosis, because when the liver is scarred, there's a greater chance of hurting the kidneys with these types of medications. Narcotics such as oxycodone are not a good idea either as they can be quite problematic with certain complications of cirrhosis. Acetaminophen, on the other hand, is safe to take, but at smaller doses. For pain relief in cirrhosis, we recommend taking acetaminophen up to two grams a day. So that's four extra strength tablets within a 24-hour period. So it's important to eat an overall healthy diet that is balanced and full of fruits and vegetables. It's important to have protein intake, and that can be from lean sources of protein such as beans or lentils. And salt restriction is also very important. Limit the amount of salt in your diet to less than two grams of total intake a day. Although certain herbal supplements such as milk thistle have been tried in liver disease, there's no evidence to suggest that herbal supplements or any other alternative therapies can effectively treat cirrhosis. However, there is a chance of herbal supplements causing harm to the liver, sometimes to the point of liver failure requiring a liver transplant. So we recommend avoiding any and all herbal supplements. Well vaccinations are an important preventive measure in patients with cirrhosis. Because when the liver is scarred, patients are at higher risk of complications from certain infections. For patients with cirrhosis, we recommend vaccination against hepatitis A and B. We also recommend the pneumococcal vaccine, which is commonly referred to as the pneumonia vaccine for all adult patients with cirrhosis. And patients with cirrhosis should also get the annual flu shot. There are instances when damage to the liver can be slowed, although complete reversal generally does not happen. For example, if a patient has cirrhosis due to alcohol use, we know that completely abstaining from alcohol can improve the function of the liver. Similarly, weight loss can help improve fatty liver disease. And cirrhosis from hepatitis C was a major reason patients required liver transplants. But we now have medications - antiviral drugs that are very effective at curing it. There's evidence to suggest that getting rid of the hepatitis C can slow or maybe even help reverse some of the damage done. But there are instances when the liver disease is too advanced and medical interventions cannot reverse the process. And that's when we consider liver transplantation. We know that this is tough for our patients and their loved ones. And we want to do everything we can to make the process seamless for our patients. It's helpful for us if we have as much information about your condition as possible. Any prior medical therapies, any new symptoms or signs, any medications, herbal supplements, or any other medical conditions that you may have. Collect all of this information and share it with your liver team. Be open and transparent with your team. Never hesitate to ask your medical team any questions or concerns you have. Being informed makes all the difference. Thanks for your time, and we wish you well. 早期肝硬化患者通常没有症状。通常,肝硬化一开始都是通过常规血液检测或在体检时发现的。为了帮助确诊,通常要结合化验和成像检测。 检测医生可能会安排能够提示肝脏问题的一项或多项检查,包括:
如果您患有肝硬化,医生可能建议定期进行诊断检查,以监测疾病进展或并发症的体征,尤其是食管静脉曲张和肝癌。无创检查越来越广泛地用于监测。 更多信息
治疗肝硬化的治疗取决于肝损害的原因和程度。治疗的目的是减缓肝脏疤痕组织的进展,并预防或治疗肝硬化的症状和并发症。如果您有严重肝损伤,可能需要住院治疗。 对肝硬化潜在病因的治疗在早期肝硬化中,通过治疗潜在的病因,可最大程度减少对肝脏的损害。可选方案包括:
其他药物可缓解某些症状,如瘙痒、疲乏和疼痛。营养补充剂可用来缓解肝硬化引起的营养不良,并预防骨弱(骨质疏松症)。 肝硬化并发症的治疗医生会努力治疗肝硬化的任何并发症,包括:
肝脏移植手术在肝硬化的晚期病例中,当肝脏功能停止时,肝脏移植可能是唯一的治疗方案。肝脏移植是用已故捐贈者的健康肝脏或活体捐赠者的部分肝脏來替代您的肝脏。肝硬化是肝移植最常见的原因之一。肝移植候选人要接受大量检测,以确定他们是否健康到足以手术后结局良好。 一直以来,患有酒精性肝硬化的患者并不被认为是肝移植的候选人,因为他们有可能在移植后恢复过度饮酒的习惯。然而,最近的研究表明,经过精心挑选的患有重度酒精性肝硬化的患者,接受移植后的存活率与患有其他类型肝病的肝移植患者相似。 如果您有酒精性肝硬化并可以接受肝脏移植,您需要:
未来的潜在治疗方法科学家们正在努力发展目前肝硬化的治疗方法,但成效有限。由于肝硬化有多种病因和并发症,因此有许多潜在的治疗方法。如在早期就多筛查、改变生活方式、使用新药物并结合其他途径,则肝损伤患者的结果可能可以得到改善。 研究人员正在研究专门针对肝细胞的疗法,该疗法旨在帮助减缓甚至逆转导致肝硬化的纤维化。尽管还没有靶向疗法,但该疗法的研发框架已成形,研发正在加速进行中。 临床试验探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法,旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。 生活方式与家庭疗法如果您有肝硬化,要小心预防进一步肝受损。
替代医学肝病治疗已有许多替代药物可供选择。使用最广泛、研究最深入的是乳蓟(silymarin)。 但临床试验尚无足够的获益证据推荐使用任何草药产品治疗肝硬化。此外,一些替代药物可能会损害肝脏。如果您有兴趣尝试使用替代药物治疗肝硬化,请咨询医生。 准备您的预约如果您患有肝硬化,您可能会被转诊给专长于治疗消化系统(消化科医生)或肝脏(肝病科医生)的医生。 以下信息可以帮助您做好就诊准备,并了解医生可能会做些什么。 您可以做什么
要向医生咨询的问题提前准备好问题清单有助于您充分利用时间。要向医生咨询的一些基本问题包括:
就诊期间您可以随时提出其他问题。 医生可能做些什么准备回答医生可能提出的问题,包括:
Feb. 06, 2021 肝硬化能治好吗?肝硬化造成的肝损害通常无法挽回。 但如果肝硬化得到早期诊断,并针对病因进行治疗,就可以预防进一步的损害,而且极少数情况下会逆转。
肝硬化严重吗?肝硬化一般情况下是慢性肝炎发展的结果,肝硬化有轻有重,轻者没有太多异常表现,可以正常工作生活;重者则有严重的并发症,如腹水,吐血,肝昏迷等,需要及时救治。
肝硬化患者能活多久?首先,肝硬化有可能一点一点加重,然后慢慢的变成失代偿期,出现腹水甚至是肝衰竭。 这个过程从轻度肝硬化发展到肝衰竭大概需要10到20年的时间,非常缓慢,而且一旦发展到这个程度就不可逆转了,除了肝移植以外几乎没有其他治疗办法,那么也就意味着生命的结束。
如何检查肝硬化?肝活检是一种取出一小块肝脏组织样本以进行实验室检查的程序。 肝活检采取的方法通常是将一根细针穿过皮肤并插入肝脏中。 早期肝硬化患者通常没有症状。 通常,肝硬化一开始都是通过常规血液检测或在体检时发现的。
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