(D) 1. ��23�O�@�좵�����k�ʯf�H��flow-volume���u�ϡA��u�O�N�����`�̤����u�C�аݵ�u�O���ܦ�دe�f? A. ��ݯf (asthma) B. �ͮ�~(emphysema) C. ���ֺ���(fibrosis) D. �W�I�l�D���� E. �������� (A) 2. �@25���k�ʦ]��o�I�l�x���ίݵh�Q�e�ӫ�E�B�A�ݳ����p��24�A�аݤU�C�ԭz�A��̥��T? A. ��ݡA�i�ΰw�ީ�X�Ů� B. �����ͤ��~�A���`�g�Q���� C. ���~�F�A�����������ˬd D. ���ͪ��~�j�A���w�ƹq���_�h���y E. ���ͮ��(embolism)�A�����֤l�ͱ��y (B) 3. �@��70���k�ʥD�D�I�l�x���A��ݳ�X���p��25�A�U�C��تͥ\��P��f���Y���׳̦����s? A. VC B. FEV1 C. FEV1 / FVC D. TLC E. RV (A) 4. �U�C�����C�ʪ���ʪͯf (COPD)���ԭz�A��̥��T? A. �夤 CO2 �W�[�� O2�U���ߥX�{ B. �Y�����`�ͮe�n (TLC)�|�U����50%�H�U C. FEV1 �֩�w����50%�Y�|������PO2 �U�� D. ����洫��ê�D�n�O�ѩ�ͪw���W�p���G E. �ͮ�~ (emphysema)�� DLco���|���� (C) 5. �U�C�����@��ƺ� (CO)���r���ԭz�A��̥��T? A. �l�Ҫ̹�@��ƺҧ�ӷP B. COPD�f�H�������ް_CO���r�g�� C. �Y���̷|�ް_�ͤ��~ (edema) D. �|�X�{�I�l�ʻĤ��r (respiratory acidosis) E. �L�B�S���e�{������A�i�ư�CO���r (A) 6. �U�C�����ͪ����ԭz�A��̥��T? A. COPD �f�H���C�~�`�g�y��ʷP�_�̭] B. �y�P�̭]���`�g�̨ήɾ��O�L�� C. �y�P��o���ͪ��H Pseudomonas�̱߳`�� D. �A�����e�˷�G�O�䤤�W�ֲӭM <10 ,WBC > 25 / HPF E. �E�_ Legionella�ͪ����H����i���G���� (E) 7. �U�C�e�f����̪��R�A�Ͷ����� (static lung compliance)�|�W�[? A. ���ֺ���(fibrosis) B. �ͤ��~(edema) C. �ͥR��(congestion) D. �ͪ�(pneumonia) E. �ͮ�~(emphysema) (E) 8. �b����q�� (mechanical ventilation)�ɡA�ϥΩI�𥽥��� (PEEP, positive end-respiratory pressure)�D�n�i�F��U�C��إت� ? A. ���CPaCO2 B. �ﵽ�q��(ventilation) C. ��֮�𤤬r D. ��֪Ͷ�����q E. ����ͫ�� (atelectasis) (C) 9. �@��22���k�ʡA���h�~��ݯf (asthma)�v�A�]�P�_�ް_��ʵo�@���E�B�A�ⰼ�� wheezes,�I�l20�������A�ݳ�X�����`�A���ɲĤ@������Ĭ��� ? A. Aminophylline 250 mg i.v. push B. Aminophylline 500 mg i.v. drip C. Bricanyl (or ventolin) 5 mg nebulization D. Budesonide (Pulmicort) 1 mg nebulization E. Ipratropium (Atrovent) 1mg nebulization (D) 10. �H�зǥ��� HERZ �v���͵��֡A�ƶg��A�x�\�� AST�M ALT�@���A�U�C����Ī��i��ް_������ ? 1.Isoniazid 2.Rifampin 3.Ethambutol 4.Pyrazinamide A. 1+2+3 B. 2+3+4 C. 1+3+4 D. 1+2+4 E. 1+2+3+4 (B) 11. �@��64���k�ʿ��w��Ŧ�f�B���g�Χ��D�P�V�A�]�I�l�x���Ӱ|�A�ݳ�X���e�{�ⰼ����ʪͪ��A���G�O�Ī��ް_���ܤơC���f�H�̪�ƶg���ϥΤU�C�Ī�1.Amiodarone 2.Digoxin 3.Bleomycin 4.Methotrexate 5.Erythromycin 6.Aminoglycoside�аݤW�z�����ĥi��ް_����ʪͪ� ? A. 1+2+3 B. 1+3+4 C. 2+4+6 D. 3+5+6 E. 4+5+6 (B) 12. �U�C�U�ؤ����X�i�����A��̤��ݩ���ľ��� ? A. Formoterol B. Fenoterol C. Salmeterol D. Tiotropium E. �H�W�Ҭ����ľ��� (D) 13. �U�C���� Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)���ԭz��̤����T ? A. ABPA�`�n�o���Ӥw�����ݤ��w�� B. Immediate wheal-and-flare skin reactivity to A.fumigatus �� ABPA���D�n�E�_Criteria���@ C. �f�A���T�J�� ABPA��ʵo�@�����n�v���覡 D. �Y��G�ˬd�ΰ��i�L�k�o�{ A.fumigatus �Y�i�ư�ABPA���E�_ E. ��M IgE���@�g�`�|�j��1000 ng / ml (B) 14. �U�C�����w���I�l���i�H���\���������СA��̤����T ? A. Vital Capacity > 10ml/kg B. Minute ventilation(MV) > 10L /min C. Maximum negative inspiratory pressure��25cm H2O D. Rapid shallow breathing index < 100breaths /min / L E. Maximun voluntary ventilation double of MV (A) 15. �U�C���� pleural effusion���ԭz�A��̬O�����T�� ? A. Chylothorax ���w�q�� effusion��cholesterol �Ȥj�� 110mg /dl B. Effusion�� Amylase�ȤW�ɡA�n�Ҽ{���D�}���δc�ʸ~�F C. Effusion�� Gluocse�Ȥp�� 60mg/dl�n�h�òӵ߷P�V��������ʦؽ��� D. �E�_ TB Pleurisy : effusion���� adenosine deaminase���j��45IU/L�� interferon �^�j��140pg/ml E. ���(hemothorax)���w�q��effusion����hematocrit(Hct)�j���R�ߦ� Hct �� 50%�H�W�A�B�j��������ݱw�̻ݭn��m�ެy�ޡ@ (E) 16. �U�C�����Ͱʯ߰����g���v���Ī��A��̬O���A���� ? A. Calcium Channel Blocker B. Prostacyclin C. Bosentan (endothelin receptor antagonists) D. Inhaled NO E. Nitrates (D) 17. �������ޭ��ݯg bronchial asthma���o�������f�z����A�U�C�ԭz��̥��T ? A. Asthma �I�l�D�o�������ӭM�A Neutrophil ��t�̥D�n������ B. Antigen��E�U,�g�� IL-6�@�ΫP�� naive T�ӭM(TH0�^���Ƭ� TH2 �ӭM C. ���ƪ� T lymphocyte �|���� IL-10�P�i B lymphocyte�s�y IgE D. IL-5�|�P�Ϧ夤 eosinophil �ƥؼW�[�é�����s�� E. Neutrophil �|���� cationic protein �� oxygen free radicals�}�a�W�ֲӭM�Φ�Creola bodies (E) 18. ��������F mesothelioma���ԭz�A��̤����T ? A. �`�b�ۺ��������S30�~��o�� B. ��50%���f�w���ಾ���� C. �P�l�ϵL�� D. �i�o�ͩ�ؽ��θ��� E. �� ��X���e�j�q�ؽ��n�����a�J�Ħ첾�{�H (D) 19. �U�C�������֯f (tuberculosis)���ԭz�O�����T�� ? A. �w�ﵲ�֩ʸ������Τߥ]�����A���T�J�v���i�W�[�f�H���s���v B. Streptomycin���i�Ω��h�����k�����֯f�v�� C. BCG �̭]�i�H��֥����P�V���֩ʸ����������| D. ���H HIV�P�V�w�̩y��ij�I�� BCG�̭]�ӹw�����֯f E. �ܵ��ֵ��Ī��b���Ť����@�۷��C�A�L�k�F��O�@����ĪG (E) 20. �I�l������O�v����ʩI�l�~���g (ARDS)�����n�u��A�U�C�������Ԧ�̬O���~�� ? A. �I�l���ް_���ͷl�˥D�n�O�]�����Щʪ��ͪw�L���ȻP�� B. �ثe��ij��� ARDS ��plateau pressure���n�W30 cm H2O C. ���p�����e�n(tidal volume) 6mL/Kg��_12mL/Kg �� ARDS�f�H���w����n D. High frequent ventilation�i�H�ﵽ ARDS������洫�\��A���õL�j�W�Ҫ��{�ɸ����ҹ��s���v���ﵽ�@ E. Positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)�i�H�ﵽ����洫�\��A�]���b�f�H�ϥ� FiO2�p��50%�����ΤU�A�� PEEP=16 ����PEEP=8��f�H���w����� (C) 21. �U�C���Ǹ~�F���ݯg�Ըs (paraneoplastic syndrome)�P�p�ӭM������?1.Ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH) syndrome 2.Ectopic ACTH syndrome 3.SIADH 4.Hypertrophic pulomonary osteoarthropathy 5.Eaton-Lambert syndrome A. 1+2+3 B. 2+3+4 C. 2+3+5 D. 1+2+3+5 E. 1+2+3+4+5 (D) 22. �����ίv�I�l����g�Ըssleep apnea syndrome�U�C�ԭz��̥��T��?1.�o�Ͳv�k�ʦh��k�� 2.�E�_���뫬�ίv����g�Ըs\(OSA)���n�ίv�I�l��������g���X�� apnea-hypopneaindex(AHI)��153.��AHI>30�ɬ����� OSA4.Nasal continuous positive airway pressure ��OSA������v���覡5.Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty �����\�v�u��50%�ӥB���ķ|�H�ۮɶ����� A. 1+2+3 B. 2+4+5 C. 1+2+3+4 D. 1+3+4+5 E. 1+2+3+4+5
What is the life expectancy of someone with emphysema?
Why is emphysema a serious health problem?
What is emphysema life expectancy and which factors affect it?
What causes emphysema Besides smoking?
What causes emphysema besides smoking?
- Age. One of the non-modifiable risk factors for emphysema is a person’s age. ...
- Genetics. What causes emphysema besides smoking? According to studies, genetic anomalies can increase your risk of developing the condition.
- Long-term exposure to air pollutants. The causes of emphysema besides smoking include long-term exposure to air pollutants. ...